Treatment

Cholangiocarcinoma is considered to be an incurable and rapidly lethal disease unless all the tumors can be fully resected (that is, cut out surgically). Since the operability of the tumor can only be assessed during surgery in most cases,^[57] a majority of patients undergo exploratory surgery unless there is already a clear indication that the tumor is inoperable.^[4]

Adjuvant therapy followed by liver transplantation may have a role in treatment of certain unresectable cases.^[58]